北京2024年高考英語模擬試卷含答案和解析

一、單選題（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）

1. Martin got up late and didn't catch the first bus yesterday，         he had to wait for the next one．（　?。?/p>

A. for B. or C. so D. but

2. ______ you are well prepared， you still need a lot of carefulness in the speech next week．（　?。?/p>

A. Although B. Because C. When D. Unless

3. Mike        for winning the badminton competition last year．（　?。?/p>

A. . has been praised B. . has praised
C. . was praised D. had praised

4. The reporter apologized for any misunderstandings ______ by his article on that film star．（　?。?/p>

A. causing B. caused C. to cause D. being caused

5. ---Why didn't you go cycling with us yesterday？
---I        my mother with the housework all day．（　　）

A. was helping B. would help C. had helped D. have helped

6. You shall finish the English test papers _______ two hours according to the rule．（　?。?/p>

A. by B. within C. before D. after

7.                from the moon，our earth，with water              seven percent of its surface，appears as a"blue ball"．（　?。?/p>

A. Seeing…covered B. Seen…covered
C. Seeing…covering D. Seen…covering

8. -What were you doing when I phoned you last night？
-I ______ my painting and was starting to take a bath．（　?。?/p>

A. have already finished B. was finishing
C. had just finished D. was going to finish

9.           a diary every day and you'll improve your writing．（　?。?/p>

A. Keeping B. To keep C. Keep D. If you keep

10. ________ is known to us all is that he will visit our school tomorrow．（　　）

A. What B. As C. Which D. It

11. Ever since the patients moved to the new hospital last year，they       better medical treatment．（　　）

A. have received B. had received C. will receive D. received

12. You ______ up with your classmates now，had you paid more attention to the lessons．（　　）

A. had kept B. would keep
C. would have kept D. kept

13. Recently I find _______not that difficult to learn English well．（　?。?/p>

A. them B. it C. that D. this

14. The weather was stormy during their stay at the beach， so they         have had a very nice holiday．（　?。?/p>

A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. needn't

15. The group of the aged are close companions， and many of __________ have known each other for decades．（　?。?/p>

A. that B. them C. whom D. what

二、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）

A

One day， an old couple around the age of 70， walked into a lawyer's office． They came to file a porce． This couple had been quarreling all their over 40 years of marriage． They hung on because of their children， afraid to affect their up-bringing． Now， all their children have already grown up． There's nothing else to worry about． All they wanted was to end their unhappy marriage， so both agreed on a porce．
Lawyer couldn't understand why the old couple would still want a porce after 40 years of marriage at the age of 70． After they signed the papers， the lawyer suggested a dinner together， since they were still going to be friends．
At the dining table， the first dish was roasted chicken． Immediately， the old man took the drumstick（雞大腿）for the old lady． "Take this， it's good．" But the wife was unhappy when she answered． "This is always the problem． You always think so highly of yourself． Never think about how I feel． Don't you know that I hate drumsticks？" Little did she know that the husband had been trying all ways to please her-drumsticks were the husband's favorite．
That night， both of them couldn't sleep． After hours， the old man recognized that he still loved her． He picked up the phone． But it never got through． On the other side， she was sad because he still couldn't understand her． Phone's ringing， knowing that it's him， she refused to answer． She thought that all was over and she pulled out the cord．
The next day， she received the news that he had passed away． She rushed down to his apartment， only to see his body lying on the couch still holding on the phone． He had a heart attack when he was still trying to get through her phone line．
As sad as she could be， she would have to clear his belongings． Suddenly she saw an insurance policy in the drawers， whose beneficiary（受益人）was her． Together in that file there's the note．
"To my dearest wife， by the time you are reading this， I'm sure I'm no longer around， I bought this policy for you． I hope it will be able to help me continue my promise-taking care of you． I want you to know I will always be around by your side． I love you．"

16. The old couple kept their unhappy marriage for 40 years because ______ ．

A. they were not allowed to porce until the age of 70
B. they were afraid of being lonely after the porce
C. they took their children's up-bringing into consideration
D. they didn't have enough money to afford the fee of a lawyer

17. The writer mentioned the "drumsticks event" at dinner to ______ ．

A. show that the couple's life was very poor
B. prove that it was a right decision for the porce
C. tell the readers what was the problem of their marriage
D. criticize the old man who paid too much attention to his own

18. The story conveys a message that ______ ．

A. The old man shouldn't take the drumstick for the old lady．
B. Lacking respect each other will lead to porce of a couple
C. one's words are clearer than his action when expressing love
D. understanding plays an important role even between a couple

B

Are you preparing for a big test？ If so， you may want to go to play some basketball in between hitting the books． Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development． Judy Cameron， a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University， studies brain development． According to her research， it seems that exercise can make blood vessels（血管），including those in the brain， stronger and more fully developed． Dr． Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better． As she says， "while we already know that exercise is good for the heart， exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain．"
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies． Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active． Even a little movement can show big results． Margaret Barns， a scientist， also believes in the importance of the exercise． She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can result from a lack of movement as babies． "Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses． They need to set up a connection between motion and memory． In this way， as they get older， children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning，" says Margaret．
Older people can develop their brains as well． Cornell University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week． The exercise does not have to be very difficult， but it does have to increase heart rate． Also， just like the motion for babies， exercise for older people should not be too simple． Learning some new skills or actions， such as with yoga or tai-chi helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time． For most people， any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful． The main aim is to increase the brain's flow of blood． And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week．

19. What is the main idea of this passage？ ______

A. How exercise makes people strong．
B. How to get good scores on a test．
C. How exercise helps the brain．
D. How the brain can change．

20. According to the passage， what is the connection between exercise and brain development？ ______

A. Exercise helps make our blood vessels．
B. Physical exercise helps us think better．
C. The brain needs special mental exercise．
D. The more exercise， the bigger the brain．

21. The smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is ______ ．

A. three hours per week B. 40 hours per week
C. three hours per day D. 40 hours per month

22. Why is yoga suggested for seniors？ ______

A. It does good to the joints of old people．
B. It does not increase the heart rate．
C. It includes learning new actions．
D. It can be done in groups．

C

"Oh， my God! Did I really just send that text？" Most people have said something that they wish they could take back． And if they had paused to think about it first， they probably would have acted differently． Pausing doesn't pay off just when you speak． Scientific studies have shown that making a habit of pausing before you do something can actually have a big impact on how your life turns out．
In making decisions we rely on two areas of the brain． One area creates and processes emotions；the other governs logical thought． The type of decision， how we feel about it， and how prepared we are to handle it help determine which brain area has the most influence．
But our age also plays an important role． Thinking through the consequences of one's actions is actually harder for teens because the area controlling logical thought is not fully developed until around age 25． This is why teens often feel an intense（強(qiáng)烈的） emotional drive to act impulsively （沖動地）-it's how their brains are structured! Though this tendency to act without considering the outcomes can lead to problematic situations， impulsivity during the developmental years evolves because it makes teens more open to new experiences and ideas． This openness helps teens become independent adults．
The key to making impulsivity work for you-instead of against you-is to train your brain by practicing pausing． This doesn't mean you stop taking risks or being open to new experiences． But you won't know if the risk is worth it until you think it through． Deciding to take a risk based on logic shows self-control， not impulsivity．
What are different ways to pause？ You might take a deep breath， count to 10， or ask， "Is this worth it？" Different strategies work for different people． Whatever works for you， keep doing it! By practicing pausing， you can actually change your brain． This means that over time， pausing， instead of immediately reacting， becomes your "natural" response． And with this change， people are on their way to enjoying the life rewards that come with high levels of self-control-even if they weren't natural-born pausers!

23. What challenges teenagers？ ______

A. Giving natural response．
B. Making logical decision．
C. Acting before thorough thinking．
D. Choosing brain-training strategies．

24. An impulsive person tends to ______ ．

A. think through a risk in advance
B. show high level of self-control
C. consider or accept new ideas
D. change ideas frequently

25. According to the passage， by training one's brain， one can ______ ．

A. stop taking risks
B. fully develop one's brain
C. become more open to new experience
D. reduce the influence of emotional drive

26. What is the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Discover the Brain Function B. Crying Over the Spilt Milk
C. Push the Pause Button D. Impulsivity Works

D

Fencing or Not
Wildlife fences are constructed for a variety of reasons including to prevent the spread of diseases， to protect wildlife from poachers（偷獵者）， and to help manage small populations of threatened species． Human-wildlife conflict is another common reason for building fences． Wildlife can damage valuable farm animals and crops． Some species carry diseases of agricultural concern， and a few threaten human lives． At the same time， people kill wild animals for food， trade， or to defend lives or property， and human activities destroy wildlife habitat（棲息地）． Separating people and wildlife by fencing can appear to be a mutually beneficial way to avoid such harmful effects． But in a paper in the journal Science， published recently， some scientists argue that fencing should only be used if worse comes to worst．
According to the scientists， although fencing can have conservation benefits， it also has costs． When areas of wildlife habitat are changed into islands， the resulting small and isolated populations tend towards extinction， and the resulting loss of larger-bodied species can affect interactions between species in ways that cause further local extinctions． Therefore， scientists are asking that conservationists carefully weigh up the biopersity costs and benefits of new and existing fences．
In addition to fences' ecosystem-wide impact， the scientists don't think they always achieve their specific aims． Construction of fences to reduce human-wildlife conflict has been successful in some places but the challenges of appropriate fence design， location， construction， and protection mean that fences often fail to deliver the anticipated benefits． In some places， fences also provide poachers with a ready supply of wire for making traps．
A variety of alternative approaches， including better caring for farm animals， community-based crop-guarding， insurance and wildlife-sensitive land-use planning are suggested to reduce conflicts between people and wildlife without the need for fencing． Some projects working with local people and government agencies in Indonesia have shown that human-elephant conflict can be dramatically reduced without using fences．
The scientists conclude that as climate change increases the importance of facilitating wildlife mobility and conserving landscape connectivity， fence removal may become an important form of climate change preparation， and so fencing of wildlife should be avoided whenever possible．

27. What does the underlined word "mutually" in Paragraph 1 probably mean？ ______

A. Indeed． B. Outdoors． C. Straight． D. Both．

28. According to the scientists， what will fencing influence？ ______

A. Land building． B. Species persity．
C. Human population． D. Wildlife's body size．

29. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 4？ ______

A. Replacements for fences．
B. Wildlife-protection methods．
C. Effective land-use approaches．
D. Conflicts between human and wildlife

30. The main purpose of the passage is to ______ ．

A. argue and prove B. inform and explain
C. appeal and discuss D. compare and assess

三、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）

As you grow rapidly through your teenage years， you will experience a lot of changes． The changes may seem difficult． (1) ． Don't panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now! With more responsibility， you will find more freedom to make your own choices． This is a time to be well informed about making choices． In this way you can make healthy balanced decisions． (2) You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do． Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right opportunity will present itself to you．
Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices． (3) But try not to shut your family out of your life． You school learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself．
It is also perfectly natural at this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family (4) A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens．
This period is a part of the life cycle． These are some people who will be with you throughout life's journey． There will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways． Leaving school can be hard． The reality is that you may not even see all of your classmates again．
You are a young adult． It is your life． No one can live it for you． (5) So making the right choices will be important to you． Life is for living． Enjoy your life wisely!

A．Choose your friends wisely．
B．They will help shape the future．
C．They may seem to happen quickly．
D．You will probably want to be independent．
E．You may appreciate（感激） what you have in your own life．
F．The choices that you make from now on will be your choices．
G.. Your family has been with you since you came into this world

31.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F

32.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F

33.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F

34.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F

35.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F

四、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）

I had been playing hockey （冰球） for about 10 years． I was always the one sitting at the end of the bench， and(36)got into a game． I went to all the (37)and showed up even when it was so (38)that your "breath froze" and when the other players had decided to stay home． I felt I had (39)enough and thought of quitting．
I finally decided to (40)the news to my mom that I was leaving the team． My mom may have looked like a tiny and quiet lady but on (41)my words， she said， "Remember，‘ A quitter never wins and a winner never quits．' Your mother didn't raise (42)， so think about yourself in a (43)way and see yourself as a winner!" So I worked harder than ever at getting in better shape，(44)my shot accuracy and changing my(45)．
Once in a match， we (46)out first game badly． What's worse， one of our best players got hurt． I was sitting at my (47)place， at the end of the bench， when the coach came over and told me I was going (48)． I was nervous， excited and terrified all at the same time．
The opposing team was fast and I had to admit I was a little (49)． But my mom's words(50)out in my head like a church bell． Instead of being afraid， I was "pumped" and I very quickly found that all my(51)work was paying off． I was as fast a skater as anyone else on the ice， and I seemed， to get the(52)to score． The crowd went quiet． All the time I spent on the ice when everyone had gone home had (53)me for this moment．
Won! I won!
The lesson I learned from my mom's (54)has stayed with me over the years． I hear them whenever I am faced with a challenge， or whenever I(55)myself．

36.  A. once B. seldom C. usually D. even

37.  A. meetings B. shows C. matches D. practices

38.  A. cloudy B. wet C. cold D. windy

39.  A. suffered B. explained C. planned D. escaped

40.  A. write B. break C. read D. report

41.  A. noticing B. gathering C. hearing D. analyzing

42.  A. talkers B. dreamers C. attackers D. losers

43.  A. positive B. familiar C. brief D. convenient

44.  A. testing B. improving C. questioning D. affecting

45.  A. aim B. taste C. habit D. attitude

46.  A. lost B. controlled C. practiced D. continued

47.  A. usual B. safe C. secret D. private

48.  A. off B. in C. by D. up

49.  A. annoyed B. awkward C. scared D. bitter

50.  A. ran B. gave C. stood D. rang

51.  A. delicate B. extra C. creative D. casual

52.  A. chance B. message C. order D. note

53.  A. spared B. requested C. prepared D. sent

54.  A. actions B. reasons C. words D. promises

55.  A. judge B. express C. comfort D. doubt

五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）

56. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華．請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，以"Go Beyond Yourself"為題，給?？?英語角"寫一篇英文稿件，記述你刻苦訓(xùn)練，成功通過體育測試長跑項目的過程．
注意：詞數(shù)不少于60．
提示詞：體育測試 Physical Fitness Test．

______．

參考答案和解析

1.【答案】C
【解析】

答案：C   A因為；B否則；C所以、因此；D但是．所供選項都是并列連詞．聯(lián)系上下文邏輯關(guān)系，前Martin got up late and didn't catch the first bus yesterday為因，后he had to wait for the next one為果，所以C項符合語境．
故選：C．
馬丁昨天起床晚了，沒趕上第一班公共汽車，所以他只好等下一班公共汽車．
本題考查連詞的用法．在理解語境的基礎(chǔ)上，弄清楚上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，熟記不同連詞的基本的應(yīng)用規(guī)則，注意一些固定搭配，從而寫出正確答案．

2.【答案】A
【解析】

答案：A．考查連詞詞義辨析．A．a(chǎn)lthough 雖然，盡管；B．because 因為；C．when 當(dāng)……時，既然；D．unless 除非，如果不．結(jié)合句意，所以A項正確．
故選：A．
盡管你準(zhǔn)備得很好了，但你在下周的演講中仍然需要特別小心．
考查連詞詞義辨析．做題時先弄清每個選項的含義，再結(jié)合句意選出最佳選項．

3.【答案】C
【解析】

C．考查動詞時態(tài)．因為是去年，所以用過去的某種時態(tài)，排除AB．D選項表示"過去的過去"，也不符合．C選項為過去時的被動語態(tài)，表示"過去被表揚(yáng)"．
故選：C．
去年贏了羽毛球比賽，Mike得到了表揚(yáng)．
動詞時態(tài)有很多種，需要大家在理解句意的前提下仔細(xì)分析，選出正確答案．關(guān)鍵要熟悉每一種時態(tài)表達(dá)的含義和用法．

4.【答案】B
【解析】

答案：B 句中cause作misunderstandings的后置定語，cause與被修飾名詞misunderstandings構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，且句意表達(dá)的是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作．故選B．
這位記者就自己關(guān)于那位影星的文章所引起的誤解道了歉．
過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種，用法很靈活，分為簡單式done（表示與謂語同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生的動作）；完成式having been done（表示先于謂語的動作）．學(xué)習(xí)時，要把握其用法特征：表示被動和完成．同時還要注意區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式．

5.【答案】A
【解析】

A．考查動詞時態(tài)．根絕yesterday和all day可以知道，這是昨天一整天都在進(jìn)行的動作，過去某個時間段一直進(jìn)行的動作，用過去進(jìn)行時．B項過去將來時，C項過去完成時，D項現(xiàn)在完成時均不符合語境．
故選：A．
---你昨天為什么不和我們一起騎自行車呢？
--我一整天都在幫媽媽做家務(wù)．
動詞時態(tài)有很多種，需要大家在理解句意的前提下仔細(xì)分析，選出正確答案．關(guān)鍵要熟悉每一種時態(tài)表達(dá)的含義和用法．

6.【答案】B
【解析】

答案：B．考查介詞．句意：你應(yīng)按規(guī)定在兩小時內(nèi)完成英語試卷．A by通過；B  within在…之內(nèi)；C 之前；D 之后．所以B選項符合句意．
故選：B．
你應(yīng)按規(guī)定在兩小時內(nèi)完成英語試卷．
介詞的題目要認(rèn)真掌握好常用介詞的主要用法及動詞與介詞的搭配．這是考查的重點(diǎn)，也是做題的基礎(chǔ)．在具體的題目中，要首先判斷考查方式，是考查介詞辨析，介詞短語，還是帶介詞的定語從句，判斷后再做分析．

7.【答案】D
【解析】

答案：D．考查非謂語過去分詞．分詞做狀語時，如果動詞與后面的主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，就使用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式，如果構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，就使用過去分詞．本題的see與our earth構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞．With符合結(jié)構(gòu)中water與cover構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式．句意：從月球上看，因為有水覆蓋著，我們的地球似乎是一個藍(lán)色的球．
故選：D．
從月球上看，因為有水覆蓋著，我們的地球似乎是一個藍(lán)色的球．
過去分詞的解題關(guān)鍵是看動詞與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，當(dāng)邏輯主語是分詞動作的執(zhí)行者的時候，是一種主謂關(guān)系，如果兩者是動賓關(guān)系的時候，就用過去分詞．過去分詞表示的動作具有被動或完成的意義．

8.【答案】C
【解析】

由"我正要去洗澡"可知昨晚你打電話時"我剛剛畫完"，"畫完"在"打電話"之前，即過去的過去，故用過去完成時．
故選：C．
我昨晚打電話給你的時候你在干什么？
-我剛畫完就開始洗澡．
本題考查過去完成時，過去完成時表示過去的過去發(fā)生的事情，屬于相對的時態(tài)，在過去的動作之前發(fā)生的可以用過去完成時．

9.【答案】C
【解析】

答案是C．考查固定句型：祈使句+and/or+句子，其中祈使句句首要用動詞原形，祈使句部分在句中相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句．故答案是C．
每天寫日記，然后你就會提高你的寫作能力．
解答此類問題，首先需要判斷題干所屬的句型，然后結(jié)合句子所缺成分和句型構(gòu)成選擇正確答案．

10.【答案】A
【解析】

答案A
解析：考查主語從句．句子is known to us all 缺少主語，what做主語，引導(dǎo)主語從句，雙重作用，what is known to us all是一個名詞性從句，常用來作主語從句．也可以說as is known to us all ，he will visit our school tomorrow．還可以It is known to us all that he will visit our school tomorrow．
故選：A．
我們都知道他明天會來我們學(xué)校參觀．
It Is known to us that /to do是獨(dú)立句，其中it 是形式主語，真正主語是后面that 從句或to do動詞不定式，as is known to us all是由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句， as指代后面或前面的整個主句，因此as is known to us all結(jié)構(gòu)可放句首，也可放句中或句末， 但一定要用逗號與主句隔開，what is known to us all是一個名詞性從句，常用來作主語從句．

11.【答案】A
【解析】

答案：A．
和ever since…連用，用現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去到現(xiàn)在一直在做，所以選A．
自從這些病人去年搬到新醫(yī)院以來，他們已經(jīng)受到了更好的醫(yī)護(hù)治療．
對于時態(tài)的運(yùn)用要注意時間狀語的出現(xiàn)，還有要結(jié)合句子的上下文句意及邏輯關(guān)系作出判斷．

12.【答案】B
【解析】

答案：B．本題考查錯綜時間的虛擬語氣．從句是和過去相反的虛擬語氣，用had done，省略if，將had提前，主句是和現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬條件句，用would do．故選B．
如果你多關(guān)注功課，你現(xiàn)在可以跟上你的同學(xué)．
這句話考查錯綜時間的虛擬語氣．主從句的時間不一致，要分別分析看和什么時候的情況相反，再根據(jù)主從句應(yīng)該的時態(tài)做題．

13.【答案】B
【解析】

答案：B．考查it做形式賓語，該句中，it放在find后面做形式賓語，真正的賓語是to　do不定式，結(jié)合句意，最近我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語并不是那么難．
故選：B．
最近我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語并不是那么難．
本題題型為選詞填空．在選擇給定詞語時，再考慮文章大意的前提下，還應(yīng)該注意文章及句子所用的時態(tài)，以及所填寫的詞在句子中的位置．通過這些判斷，適當(dāng)改變詞匯形式，以符合題目要求．

14.【答案】C
【解析】

答案：C．考查情態(tài)動詞．句意：他們在海灘逗留期間，天氣有暴風(fēng)雨，所以他們不可能度過一個非常愉快的假期．根據(jù)前文句子The weather was stormy during their stay at the beach可以推斷他們一定玩的不好，是對過去的有把握的否定推測，所以用can't /couldn't have done結(jié)構(gòu)．
故選：C．
他們在海灘逗留期間，天氣有暴風(fēng)雨，所以他們不可能度過一個非常愉快的假期．
情態(tài)動詞是近幾年高考的一個熱點(diǎn)，全國各省市的高考題中每年都有對情態(tài)動詞這一內(nèi)容的考查，它也是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)．對于情態(tài)動詞，除了要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的基本用法外，還要充分利用高考試題所設(shè)置的語境來分析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系．

15.【答案】B
【解析】

答案：B．考查代詞，them指代前面的the aged，即老人，結(jié)合句意，這群老人是親密的伙伴，他們中的許多人已經(jīng)認(rèn)識了幾十年．根據(jù)and可知是并列句，and后面缺少主語，故填them．
故選：B．
這群老人是親密的伙伴，他們中的許多人已經(jīng)認(rèn)識了幾十年．
本題題型為單詞填空．在選擇給定詞語時，再考慮大意的前提下，還應(yīng)該注意句子所用的時態(tài)，以及所填寫的詞在句子中的位置．通過這些判斷，適當(dāng)改變詞匯形式，以符合題目要求．

16.【答案】

【小題1】C

 

【小題2】C

 

【小題3】D

 

【解析】

1：C． 推理題．根據(jù) "They hung on because of their children， afraid to affect their up-bringing他們?yōu)榱怂麄兊暮⒆佣鴪猿郑?擔(dān)心影響他們的成長"可知他們?yōu)榱怂麄兊暮⒆佣鴽]有離婚．故選C．
2：C． 細(xì)節(jié)題．閱讀全文可知，沒有提到他們很窮，所以A不正確．根據(jù)第二段" Lawyer couldn't understand why the old couple would still want a porce "可知這位律師并不支持他們離婚，所以B項不正確；文章沒有提到批評老人的事，所以D不正確；根據(jù)第三段" But the wife was unhappy when she answered． "This is always the problem""說明他們離婚的問題在這兒，故選C．
3：D． 主旨大意．閱讀全文可知，本文敘述了一對老年夫婦的故事，彼此相愛但因誤解而在爭吵中度過一生，在分手之夜醒悟了的老人試圖挽回婚姻，但是愛已經(jīng)沒了機(jī)會．文章告訴我們的是‘愛要相互理解"．故選D．
本文是一篇記敘文．本文敘述了一對老年夫婦的故事，彼此相愛但因誤解而在爭吵中度過一-生，在分手之夜醒悟了的老人試圖挽回婚姻，但是愛已經(jīng)沒了機(jī)會．文章告訴我們的是‘愛就不要等待"．
本文細(xì)節(jié)題居多，答題時在文章找到對應(yīng)的地方，用筆進(jìn)行標(biāo)記，這有利于后期有時間檢查時可以立刻找到答案的位置．仔細(xì)理解作者所講的意思，再結(jié)合選項，通過排除法和自己對全文的把握，選出正確答案．

19.【答案】

【小題1】C

 

【小題2】B

 

【小題3】A

 

【小題4】C

 

【解析】

（1）C．主旨大意．根據(jù)第一段實驗結(jié)果it seems that exercise can make blood vessels （血管）， including those in the brain， stronger and more fully developed． Dr． Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better．可知運(yùn)動有助于大腦的發(fā)展和更好的思考，然后后面幾段通過實驗說明了運(yùn)動是如何做到這一點(diǎn)的，故答案為C．
（2）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解．根據(jù)第一段Dr． Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better． As she says， "While we already know that exercise is good for the heart， exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain．"可知，運(yùn)動能夠讓人們更好地去思考，讓大腦產(chǎn)生一些物理變化，故答案為B．
（3）A．細(xì)節(jié)理解．根據(jù)最后一段And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week．可知，只需要每周2-3個小時的鍛煉就可以讓大腦獲益了，故答案為A．
（4）C．細(xì)節(jié)理解．根據(jù)最后一段Learning some new skills or actions， such as with yoga or tat- chi helps to open up memory paths……可知推薦瑜伽是因為它可以學(xué)習(xí)到新的技能和動作有助于大腦記憶的開發(fā)，故答案為C．
本文是一篇說明文．本文通過講述一位腦發(fā)育研究科學(xué)家們的新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)告訴人們：運(yùn)動有助于大腦的發(fā)展和更好的思考，可以讓人的大腦更好的思維，有助于大腦記憶的開發(fā)，會讓人更健康，對于無論是嬰兒還是老人都如此．
閱讀理解應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，注意細(xì)節(jié)信息．做題時，根據(jù)所提問題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可達(dá)到事半功倍的效果．同時，在閱讀時也要特別注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因為這很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括．

23.【答案】

【小題1】B

 

【小題2】C

 

【小題3】D

 

【小題4】C

 

【解析】

1．B．推斷題．由第三段第二句"Thinking through the consequences of one's actions is actually harderfor teens because the area controlling logical thought is not fully developed until around age 25"和第三句"T his is why teens often feel an intense emotional drive to act impulsively""可知，青少年并不能很好地進(jìn)行邏輯思考，也不習(xí)慣在做事前仔細(xì)思考，更傾向于靠本能做決定．故正確答案為B．
2．C． 推斷題．A項，由第三段第三句"T his is why teens often feel an intense emotional drive to act impulsively"和第四句"T hough the tendency to act without considering the outcomes canlead to problematic situations" 可知，沖動的人容易不顧后果，因此不會在事前權(quán)衡風(fēng)險，故A項錯誤．B項，由第四段最后- -句" Deciding totake a risk based on logic shows self-control， not impulsivity" 可知，沖動的人自制力比較差，故B項錯誤．C項，由第三段第四句中的"impulsivity during the developmental  years evolves because it makes teens more open to new experiences and ideas．"可知，沖動會使人更容易接受新經(jīng)驗和新思想，故C項正確．D項，文章并沒有提到"沖動的人會頻繁的改變想法"，故D項錯誤．故正確答案為C．
3．D．推斷題．由第四段最后一句"Deciding to take a risk based onlogic shows self-control， not impulsivity" 可知，訓(xùn)練自己的大腦可以提高自控力，借以減少做決定時感情因素的影響，而更多的依賴于冷靜的邏輯思維和分析，D項正確．A項，由第四段第一、二句"T he key to making impulsivity work for you一instead of against you一is to train your brain by practicing pausing． T his doesn't mean you stop taking risks"可知訓(xùn)練大腦并不意味著你能停止冒險，A項錯誤．B項，文章沒有提到進(jìn)行大腦訓(xùn)練可以完全開發(fā)人的大腦，B項錯誤．C項，由第三段倒數(shù)第二句"impulsivity …makes teens moreopen to new experiences and ideas" 和第四段第二句"T his doesn't mean you stop taking risks or being open to new experiences．"可知，進(jìn)行大腦訓(xùn)練并不會使人更容易接受新經(jīng)驗，故C項錯誤．故正確答案為D．
4．C． 主旨題．文章開頭部分以例子的形式引出話題"沖動（impulsivity）"， 然后分析人性格沖動的原因，接下來就指出了解決方法：訓(xùn)練自己的大腦，提高自控力，用邏輯分析來做決定，減少感情因素對我們做決定的影響，即Pause before making decision． 故可知C項Push the Pause Button 是文章最適合的標(biāo)題．A項，"發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦的功能"，這一說法太寬泛而且與文章關(guān)系不大，故A項錯誤．B項，"為撒了的牛奶哭泣"，即為已經(jīng)發(fā)生的不好的事情而惋惜，這一說法與文章內(nèi)容沒有直接關(guān)系，故B項錯誤．D項，"沖動有用"，作者在文章中明確提出了要訓(xùn)練大腦，抑制沖動，這一說法有悖文章內(nèi)容，故D項錯誤．故正確答案為C．．
本文是一篇說明文．文章主要講的是影響人們做決定的因素．科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在做事情之前，停下來思考一下是很有必要的，人們依靠大腦的兩個區(qū)域來作出決定，一個區(qū)域產(chǎn)生情緒，另一個區(qū)域控制著邏輯思維．
閱讀理解應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，注意細(xì)節(jié)信息．做題時，根據(jù)所提問題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可達(dá)到事半功倍的效果．同時，在閱讀時也要特別注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因為這很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括．

27.【答案】

【小題1】D

 

【小題2】B

 

【小題3】A

 

【小題4】B

 

【解析】

1．D． 推斷題．由第一段第二、三句"Wildlife can damage valuable farm animals and crops．Some species carry diseases ofagricultural concern， and a fewthreaten human lives…people killwild animals for food， trade， or todefend lives or property， and humanactivities destroy wildlife habitat" ， 可知人類和野生動物互相傷害，把人類和野生動物分隔開來能使農(nóng)作物和人類的生命得到保護(hù)，同時，野生動物也能免遭殺害，這似乎是對人類和野生動物都有益處的辦法，說明劃線詞是"相互的"之意，故選D．
2．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解．根據(jù)第二段第二句the resulting small and isolated populations tend towards extinction， and the resulting loss oflarger-bodied species…cause further local extinctions"可知， 科學(xué)家認(rèn)為隔離野生動物和人類會造成動物的滅絕；結(jié)合第二段最后一句"scientists are asking that conservationists carefully weigh up the biopersity costs and benefits of new and existing fences．"可知科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為fencing會進(jìn)而影響物種的多樣化，故選B．
3．A．主旨大意．由第四段第一句"A variety ofalternative approaches…are suggested to reduce con flicts between peopleand wildli fe without the need for fencing"可知，可知，人們提出了許多別的方法來替代圍欄，減少人和野生動物之間的沖突，包括更加關(guān)心動物等等．第二句又講到在印度尼西亞，一些項目與當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣窈驼畽C(jī)構(gòu)合作，證明了人與象之間的沖突不用圍欄也可以顯著減少，由此推知，該段主要講述圍欄的替代，故選A．
4． B．主旨題．文章第一段先表述了目前人類與野生動物的關(guān)系，引出了籬笆隔離這一話題，之后指出科學(xué)家們反對用籬笆來隔離野生動物，并解釋了理由．接下來，文章又提出了很多措施處理人與野生動物的關(guān)系，并希望以此代替籬笆，在最后-．段又指出了取消以籬笆隔離野生動物這一舉動的現(xiàn)實意義．由此可見這篇文章旨在向世人提出"取消籬笆"這一建議，并解釋了其背后的原因，提出了替代的措施．故選B．
本文是一篇議論文．文章主要講的是人類和野生動物之間的沖突．一方面，野生動物給農(nóng)作物帶來傷害，還可能會威脅人的生命；另一方面，人類捕殺野生動物，人類活動破壞野生動物的棲息地．為了解決這種沖突，有人提出用隔離人類和野生動物的辦法．科學(xué)家認(rèn)為此舉不利于保護(hù)物種的多樣性．
1通覽---速讀全文，把握大意
跳格快速閱讀一下全文，通過通覽全文、領(lǐng)會大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容等等．
2選填---緊扣文意，瞻前顧后
先易后難，逐層深入．緊扣全文內(nèi)容，  聯(lián)系上下文和語境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語法，常識，等多個角度進(jìn)行綜合考，選項入格．
3復(fù)核---全面檢查，確保語意連貫用詞準(zhǔn)確

31.【答案】

【小題1】C

 

【小題2】B

 

【小題3】D

 

【小題4】A

 

【小題5】F

 

【解析】

CBDAF
1．C．承上啟下題．根據(jù)上文The changes may seem difficult．提到，在青少年時期，青少年可能會經(jīng)歷對自己來說較困難的改變；根據(jù)下文Don't panic!You will deal successfully with them!You are a young adult now提到，不要驚慌．C項：They may seem to happen quickly．"它們（即那些困難的事情）似乎發(fā)生的很快"，承上啟下，符合語境．故此處選C．
2．B．語境辨析題．根據(jù)上文In this way you can make healthy balanced decisions提到，在青少年時期，要了解一些能幫助自己做出決定的建議，這樣才能做出正確的決定．B項：They will help shape the future．"它們（即那些正確的決定）能幫助塑造你的未來"，承接上文，符合語境．故此處選B．
3．D．文章銜接題．根據(jù)上文Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices提到，青春期意味著更多的自由和選擇；根據(jù)下文But try not to shut your family out of your life提到，但是不要將你的家人趕出你的生活．D項：You will probably want to be independent．"你可能想要獨(dú)立一些"，承上啟下，符合語境．故此處選D．
4．A．理解判斷題．根據(jù)后文But try not to shut your family out of your life．可知本段主要講述的是關(guān)于青少年在選朋友時的建議，與此話題有關(guān)的選項只有A項：Choose your friends wisely．"選朋友時要明智一些"，故此處選A．
5．F．推理判斷題．根據(jù)下文So making the right choices will be important to you提到，因此做出正確的選擇對你很重要；F項：The choices that you make from now on will be your choices．"從現(xiàn)在起，你做出的選擇將是你自己的選擇"，與下文形成因果關(guān)系，符合語境．故此處選F．
本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了少年時光過得很快，經(jīng)歷了很多事情，而成年早期意味著較多的自由和較多的選擇，我們要學(xué)會正確地做出選擇．
考察學(xué)生的推理判斷能力和聯(lián)系上下文的能力，在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．此類的填空題一定要聯(lián)系上下文，根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容加上自己的理解，再作出正確的判斷．

36.【答案】

【小題1】B

 

【小題2】D

 

【小題3】C

 

【小題4】A

 

【小題5】B

 

【小題6】C

 

【小題7】D

 

【小題8】A

 

【小題9】B

 

【小題10】D

 

【小題11】A

 

【小題12】A

 

【小題13】B

 

【小題14】C

 

【小題15】D

 

【小題16】B

 

【小題17】A

 

【小題18】C

 

【小題19】C

 

【小題20】D

 

【解析】

36-40 BDCAB   41-45 CDABD   46-50 AABCD  51-55 BACCD
36．B考查副詞：A．once一旦，B．seldom很少，C．usually通常，D．even甚至，從前面的句子：I was always the one sitting at the end of the bench 可知作者總是坐在長凳上，很少參加比賽，選B
37．D考查名詞：A．meetings會議，B．shows展示，C．matches比賽，D．practices練習(xí)，句意：每次訓(xùn)練我都會去，選D
38．C考查形容詞：A．cloudy多云的，B．wet潮濕的，C．cold冷的，D．windy有風(fēng)的，從后面的句子：your‘breath froze'，when the other players had decided to stay home．可知在呼吸都能結(jié)冰的寒冷的天氣，其他球員都決定呆在家里的時候，我也能出現(xiàn)在球場，選C
39．A考查動詞：A．suffered遭受，痛苦，B．explained解釋，C．planned計劃，D．escaped逃離，句意：我感到自己受夠了，決定放棄，選A
40．B 考查動詞：A．write寫，B．break打破，C．read閱讀，D．speak說話，這里的break the news to sb"把消息透露給某人"，句意：我決定把要放棄的消息告訴媽媽，選B
41．C考查動詞：A．noticing注意到，B．gathering聚集，C．hearing聽見，D．a(chǎn)nalyzing分析，句意：媽媽一聽見我說的話，就說：放棄的人永遠(yuǎn)不會贏，贏家永遠(yuǎn)不會放棄，選C
42．D考查名詞：A．talkers說話者，B．dreamers夢想者，C．a(chǎn)ttackers襲擊者，D．losers失敗者，從后面的句子：see yourself as a winner!"可知媽媽說她不會養(yǎng)育一個失敗者，選D
43．A考查形容詞：A．positive積極的，B．familiar熟悉的，C．brief簡單的，D．convenient方便的，從后面的句子：see yourself as a winner!"可知是要以積極的心態(tài)思考自己，把自己看成是贏家，選A
44．B考查動詞：A．testing測試，檢測，B．improving提高，C．questioning問題，D．a(chǎn)ffecting影響，感染，從前面的句子：So I worked harder than ever at getting in better shape，我開始形體訓(xùn)練，所以后面是提高投籃的準(zhǔn)確率，選B
45．D考查名詞：A．a(chǎn)im目的，目標(biāo)，B．taste品味，C．habit習(xí)慣，D．a(chǎn)ttitude態(tài)度，從前面看作者曾一度想放棄，現(xiàn)在的做法是改變了態(tài)度，選D
46．A考查動詞：A．lost失去，B．controlled控制，C．practiced練習(xí)，D．continued繼續(xù)，從后面的句子：What's worse，one of our best players got hurt．可知是一次比賽中輸了第一場，選A
47．A考查形容詞：A．usual通常的，B．safe安全的，C．secret秘密的，D．private私人的，前面說：I was always the one sitting at the end of the bench，可知是坐在平常的位置上，選A
48．B考查介詞：A．off離開，B．in在…里面，C．by通過，D．up向上，從后面的句子：I was nervous，excited and terrified all at the same time．可知句意：教練過來對我說我要參加比賽，選B
49．C考查形容詞：A．a(chǎn)nnoyed惱火的，生氣的，B．a(chǎn)wkward令人尷尬的，C．scared害怕，D．bitter痛苦的，從前面的句子：The opposing team was fast和 Instead of being afraid，可知作者當(dāng)時有點(diǎn)害怕，選C
50．D考查動詞．因為是like a church bell．可知媽媽的話象教堂的鐘一樣響起，選D
51．B考查形容詞：A．exact確切的，B．extra額外的，C．creative有創(chuàng)造力的，D．casual隨意的，前面提到So I worked harder than ever at getting in better shape，可知作者額外的工作都有了回報，選B
52．A考查名詞：A．chance機(jī)會，B．message信息，C．order命令，順序，D．note通知，便條，鈔票，句意：我好像有機(jī)會進(jìn)球了，選A
53．C考查動詞：A．spared空出，騰出，B．requested要求，C．prepared準(zhǔn)備，D．sent派，送，prepare sb for sth"使某人做好…的準(zhǔn)備"，我前面付出的努力都是為這個時刻做的準(zhǔn)備，選C
54．C考查名詞：A．a(chǎn)ctions行為，行動，B．reasons原因，C．words話語，單詞，D．promises許諾，答應(yīng)，句意：我從媽媽的話語里面懂得的道理跟隨了我很多年，選C
55．D 考查動詞：A．judge判斷，B．express表達(dá)，C．comfort安慰，D．doubt懷疑，從前面的句子：I hear them whenever I am faced with a challenge，可知每當(dāng)遇到挑戰(zhàn)或是懷疑自己的時候，都會想起媽媽的話，選D
文章大意：文章介紹作者在冰球隊總是不受重用，曾一度想要放棄，但是媽媽的話給了他鼓勵，從此更加努力，并最終得到機(jī)會，為自己贏得成功．
完形填空題在命題設(shè)計上側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和對具體語境的把握，尤其是對整體語義的理解能力．它要求考生不但要有比較扎實的語言知識，較大的詞匯量，而且要具有一定的語篇分析能力及邏輯思維能力．要做好這種題型，考生除了必備的語言基礎(chǔ)知識和基本技能之外，還應(yīng)了解其命題特點(diǎn)，掌握一定的解題技巧．

56.【答案】Last week，I successfully passed the Physical Fitness Test．
During a PE class one month ago，our teacher informed us that we would take the test on April12th．Upon hearing the news，I felt my heart sink，wondering how rough the way ahead would be．However，I had to face it．Every day after school，I went to the playground and practiced the 1000-meter run，which was always a nightmare for me．Each time my legs almost gave out and an inner voice lured me to give up，my teachers and classmates were always around me，comforting me and encouraging me．Their positive words and running figures pushed me forward．
Then finally came the test day．As the starting gun sounded for the race to begin，I called upon all my body's strength and speed．I ran with purpose．After enduring the long run，I approached the finish line．Quickening my steps，I was confident and hopeful．The moment I rounded the last turn，I knew I had made it．After crossing the finish line，I was so overjoyed to see my cheering classmates．I received their celebratory high-fives proudly and tears of happiness streamed down my cheeks，as my teacher shook my hand．
From this experience，I have learned that I should face my fears bravely and appreciate those who are always willing to help me，making me a better person．
【解析】

Last week，I successfully passed the Physical Fitness Test．（點(diǎn)明文章的主題）
       During a PE class one month ago，our teacher informed us that we would take the test on April12th．Upon hearing the news，I felt my heart sink，wondering how rough the way ahead would be．【高分句型一】However，I had to face it．Every day after school，I went to the playground and practiced the 1000-meter run，which was always a nightmare for me．Each time  my legs almost gave out and an inner voice lured me to give up，my teachers and classmates were always around me，comforting me and encouraging me．Their positive words and running figures pushed me forward．（描述測試前的刻苦努力）
       Then finally came the test day．As the starting gun sounded for the race to begin，I called upon all my body's strength and speed．I ran with purpose．After enduring the long run，I approached the finish line．Quickening my steps，I was confident and hopeful．The moment I rounded the last turn，I knew I had made it．After crossing the finish line，I was so overjoyed to see my cheering classmates．I received their celebratory high-fives proudly and tears of happiness streamed down my cheeks，as my teacher shook my hand．（描述測試的過程）
       From this experience，I have learned that I should face my fears bravely and appreciate those who are always willing to help me，making me a better person．【高分句型二】（通過這件事獲得的經(jīng)驗）
這是一篇記述刻苦訓(xùn)練，成功通過體育測試長跑項目的過程的作文．根據(jù)題目要求可知主要用第一人稱和一般過去時態(tài)．內(nèi)容包括：一點(diǎn)明文章的主題；二描述測試前的刻苦努力；三描述測試的過程；四通過這件事獲得的經(jīng)驗．
高分句型：
1．Upon hearing the news（doing做時間狀語，hear和I之間是主動關(guān)系），I felt my heart sink，wondering（wondering做伴隨狀語，wonder和I之間是主動關(guān)系） how rough the way ahead would be（ how 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，做wondering）．
聽到這個消息，我感到心里一沉，不知道前面的路有多么艱難．
2．From this experience，I have learned that （ that 引導(dǎo)have learned 的賓語從句）I should face my fears bravely and appreciate those who （who引導(dǎo) 先行詞those的 定語從句，做從句的主語）are always willing to help me，making （making做結(jié)果主語）me a better person．
從這次經(jīng)歷我知道，我應(yīng)該勇敢的面對自己的恐懼，感激那些樂于幫助我的人，這些會使我更進(jìn)步．
考查圖畫類作文．
寫作文時，一定要切題，抓住中心，緊扣要點(diǎn)．不要任意發(fā)揮，畫蛇添足，也不要丟三落四，要點(diǎn)不全．通過對眾多提示或圖畫、圖表的觀察和分析，獲取與寫作內(nèi)容有關(guān)的主要信息，并按一定的邏輯順序排列起來，找出最密切相關(guān)的要點(diǎn)，列出寫作提綱．

 

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